Азербайджанцы потомки армян или как грузины и осетины оказались потомками индусов

[A.D.M.]

Ян Амо́с Ко́менский ( DNA Y-J1c3d )

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%...BC%D0%BE%D1%81




J1* Y-DNA Project - Y-DNA SNP

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/...x?section=ysnp

[A.D.M.]

Armenian men's most common Y-DNA (paternal) haplogroup is R1b, found in about 28 percent of those studied. J2 is the next most common at a frequency of 22 percent. Other haplogroups found among them, in descending order of frequencies, include G (11%), J1 (11%), R1a (8%), T (6%), E (5%), I (4%), L (4%), N (2%), and others (1%).

Some members of the "Armenian DNA Project" are part of the branch of R1b known as R1b1a2a* (L23+). A smaller number in the project are located in the branch called R1b1a2* (L265+). These branches are distinguishable from the R1b branches of Europe. That's why Armenians don't belong to the European branches of R1b called U106 and P312.

J1 is common in the Near East. In the "Armenian DNA Project" there are members of the haplogroup branches J1*, J1c3d, and J1c3d1. J2 haplogroups found among Armenians include J2a*, J2a3, J2a4, J2a4a, J2a4b, J2a4b1, J2a4d, J2a4h2, J2a4h2a, J2a4h2f, J2a4h2g, J2b*, and J2b1.

Within E, the haplogroup E1b1b1 was found among members of the "Armenian DNA Project". They belong to branches called V12, V13, V22, and M84/M34.

Within L, Armenians in the project belong to the branches named L2* and L2a. These are found in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions and distinguishable from the common L haplogroups of India and Pakistan.

F3 is a haplogroup within F that's very infrequently found among Armenian men. Armenians in the project belong to the branches called P96 and M282

http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/armenians.html

[A.D.M.]

Анатолий Клесов

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%...B2%D0%B8%D1%87
Поиски пропавших колен израилевых

История, записанная в ДНК

http://www.e-slovo.ru/349/8pol1.htm


Таким образом, на нас обрушились возможности, которые не всякий сразу осознает. И, естественно, заодно обрушились важнейшие вопросы. Среди них – насколько аккуратны библейские истории относительно генеалогии патриархов? Действительно ли можно использовать ДНК-маркеры для поисков пропавших колен? Какое отношение к реальности имеют заявления, как, например, автора книги «Что такое Израиль?», начинающего очередную главу словами «Все современные евреи, включая тех, что живут в Израиле, не являются потомками древних евреев»? Кстати, и сама глава называется «Происходят ли современные евреи от древних евреев?»

[A.D.M.]

[A.D.M.]

Genetic history of the Turkish people

According to Cinnioglu et al., (2004) there are many Y-DNA haplogroups present in Turkey. The majority haplogroups are primarily shared with Middle Eastern, Caucasian, and European populations such as haplogroups E3b, G, J, I, R1a, R1b, K and T which form 78.5% from the Turkish Gene pool (without R1b, K, and which notably occur elsewhere, it is 59.3%) and contrast with a smaller share of haplogroups related to Central Asia (N and Q)- 5.7% (but it rises to 36% if K, R1a, R1b and L- which infrequently occur in Central Asia, but are notable in many other Western Turkic groups), India H, R2 - 1.5% and Africa A, E3*, E3a - 1%. Some of the percentages identified were:


J2=24% - J2 (M172) Typical of populations of the Near East, Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia and the Caucasus, with a moderate distribution through much of Central Asia, South Asia, and North Africa
R1b=14.7% -Typical of Western Europeans and Eurasian People
G=10.9% - Typical of people from the Caucasus and to a lesser extent the Middle East.
E1b1b1=10.7% - Typical of people from the Mediterranean
J1=9% - Typical amongst people from the Arabian Peninsula and Dagestan (ranging from 3% from Turks around Konya to 12% in Kurds).
R1a=6.9% - Typical of Central Asian, Caucasus, Eastern Europeans and Indo-Aryan people.
I=5.3% - Typical of Central Europeans, Western Caucasian and Balkan populations.
K=4.5% - Typical of Asian populations and Caucasian populations.
L=4.2% - Typical of Indian Subcontinent and Khorasan populations.
N=3.8% - Typical of Uralic, Siberian and Altaic populations.
T=2.5% - Typical of Mediterranean, Northeast African and South Asian populations
Q=1.9% - Typical of Northern Altaic populations.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic...Turkish_people

[A.D.M.]

Haplogroup J1 is a prevalent Y-chromosome lineage within the Near East. We report the frequency and YSTR diversity data for its major sub-clade (J1e). The overall expansion time estimated from 453 chromosomes is 10000 years. Moreover, the previously described J1 (DYS388=13) chromosomes, frequently found in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolian populations, were ancestral to J1e and displayed an expansion time of 9000 years. For J1e, the Zagros/Taurus mountain region displays the highest haplotype diversity, although the J1e frequency increases toward the peripheral Arabian Peninsula. The southerly pattern of decreasing expansion time estimates is consistent with the serial drift and founder effect processes. The first such migration is predicted to have occurred at the onset of the Neolithic, and accordingly J1e parallels the establishment of rain-fed agriculture and semi-nomadic herders throughout the Fertile Crescent. Subsequently, J1e lineages might have been involved in episodes of the expansion of pastoralists into arid habitats coinciding with the spread of Arabic and other Semitic-speaking populations.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987219/

[A.D.M.]

[A.D.M.]

Y-chromosomal Aaron

Y-chromosomal Aaron is the name given to the hypothesised most recent common ancestor of many of the patrilineal Jewish priestly caste known as Kohanim (singular "Kohen", "Cohen", or Kohane). In the Torah, this ancestor is identified as Aaron, the brother of Moses. The hypothetical most recent common ancestor was therefore jocularly dubbed "Y-chromosomal Aaron", in analogy to Y-chromosomal Adam. Although most priestly functions of the Kohanim (such as Temple sacrifices) ended with the destruction of the second Temple by the Romans in 70 CE, the identity of Kohanim has been carefully preserved throughout history. In traditional synagogues, a Kohen will always be the first person called to the Torah, will be asked to publicly bless the congregation at specified times, will be asked to bless a bride and groom at the wedding, and will be asked to "redeem" every first-born male child. Until recently, however, there was neither scientific support nor continuous written record to support the claim of patrilineal descent from Aaron.

The original scientific research was based on the discovery that a majority of present-day Jewish Kohanim either share, or are only one step removed from, a pattern of values for 6 Y-STR markers, which researchers named the Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH). However it subsequently became clear that this six marker pattern was widespread in many communities where men had Y chromosomes which fell into Haplogroup J; the six-marker CMH was not specific just to Cohens, nor even just to Jews, but was a survival from the origins of Haplogroup J, about 30,000 years ago.

More recent research, using a larger number of Y-STR markers to gain higher resolution more specific genetic signatures, has indicated that about half of contemporary Jewish Kohanim, who share Y-chromosomal haplogroup J1c3 (also called J-P58), do indeed appear to be very closely related. A further approximately 15% of Kohanim fall into a second distinct group, sharing a different but similarly tightly related ancestry.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen_modal_haplotype

[A.D.M.]

DNA Research

In 1997 a remarkable DNA/genealogical breakthrough was made in the field of Jewish ancestry. In a cooperative research effort by Rambam Hospital in Haifa, Israel, The University College of London and the University of Arizona, a common DNA signature was found in the present day 'Kohanim'. The participants, all 'Kohanim', had the oral tradition of being descendants of the first High Priest of Israel, Aharon (Aaron, brother of Moses). 60% of the Sephardic Jews and 50% of the Ashkenazi Jews shared a common DNA signature, proving they were indeed descendants of the Biblical figure Aharon.

In the spring of 2000, armed with the knowledge that DNA can in fact trace a group of people back to a common ancestor, Bennett Greenspan, an entrepreneur and life-long genealogy enthusiast, founded America's first genealogical DNA testing service-Family Tree DNA. Davidic Dynasty, in conjunction with Family Tree DNA, is attempting to do for the descendants of King David what was done in 1997 for the 'Kohanim', namely find a common DNA signature in those with the oral tradition of being descendants of King David.

http://www.davidicdynasty.org/dna.php



The Davidic line (also referred to as the House of David) (known in Hebrew as Malkhut Beit David (מלכות בית דוד) — "Royal House of David") refers to the tracing of lineage to the King David referred to in the Hebrew Bible, as well as the New Testament. Though this is important for kings and major Israelite leaders to claim royal lineage of David. In general, it is possible for anyone to claim as a descendant from King David because most of the tracings were lost.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidic_line

[A.D.M.]

Месси́я (от ивр. מָשִׁיחַ‎, Маши́ах; др.-греч. Χριστός, Христо́с) — букв. «помазанник». Помазание оливковым маслом (елеем) было частью церемонии, проводившейся в древности при возведении монархов на престол и посвящении священников в сан.

В иудаизме слово «машиах» иносказательно означает «царь». Иудеи верят, что идеальный царь, потомок царя Давида, будет послан Богом, чтобы осуществить «избавление» (духовное и/или физическое) народа Израиля и спасение человечества. В христианской традиции используется также термин «Спаситель». В определенных направлениях ислама мессией именуется пир — глава общины, духовный учитель у суфиев и некоторых других конфессиональных групп.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%...81%D0%B8%D1%8F